Collection of NMR Scalar and Residual Dipolar Couplings Using a Single Experiment

A new DMSO‐compatible aligning gel based on cross‐linked poly(2‐hydroxylethyl methacrylate) (poly‐HEMA) has been developed. Due to a significant difference in bulk magnetic susceptibility between the DMSO inside and outside the gel, it is possible to simultaneously collect isotropic and anisotropic NMR data, such as residual dipolar couplings (RDC), in the same NMR tube. RDC‐assisted structural analysis of menthol and the alkaloid retrorsine is reported as proof of concept.     

Trichosanthes kirilowii ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo

The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of Trichosanthes kirilowii ethanol extract (TKE) against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure (ARF). In the in vitro study, TKE-pretreated porcine kidney cells (PK15) exhibited enhanced cell viability after cisplatin (15 μg mL^? 1) treatment in both MTT and crystal violet assays. PK15 cells pretreated with TKE (50 μg mL^? 1) exhibited increased glutathione content, decreased reactive oxygen species production and ameliorated p53 expression. In vivo study, rats were administered with TKE for 4 weeks before cisplatin (5 mg kg^? 1) injection. TKE (100 mg kg^? 1) decreased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels by 24% and 47%, respectively, in comparison with cisplatin-alone group. In addition, TKE pretreatment ameliorated cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased antioxidative enzyme levels and decreased lipid peroxidation levels. Moreover, TKE pretreatment reduced histopathological alterations in the kidney with decreased apoptotic cells. Taken together, TKE might be beneficial in treating cisplatin-induced ARF.     

Hochster’s small MCM conjecture for three-dimensional weakly F-split rings

We prove Hochster’s small maximal Cohen–Macaulay conjecture for three-dimensional complete F-pure rings. We deduce this from a more general criterion, and show that only a weakening of the notion of F-purity is needed, to wit, being weakly F-split. We conjecture that any complete ring is weakly F-split.     

Analytic invariant curves for an iterative equation related to dissipative standard map

In this paper, we study existence of invariant curves of an iterative equation which is from dissipative standard map. By constructing an invertible analytic solution g (x ) of an auxiliary equation of the form invertible analytic solutions of the form g (λ g  ^? 1(x )) for the original iterative functional equation are obtained. Besides the hyperbolic case 0 < |λ | < 1, we focus on those λ on the unit circle S ¹, that is, |λ | = 1. We discuss not only those λ at resonance, that is, at a root of the unity, but also those λ near resonance under the Brjuno condition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Potential of Nonfullerene Small Molecules with High Photovoltaic Performance

Over the past decades, fullerene derivatives have become the most successful electron acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs) and have achieved great progress, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 11 %. However, fullerenes have some drawbacks, such as weak absorption, limited energy‐level tunability, and morphological instability. In addition, fullerene‐based OSCs usually suffer from large energy losses of over 0.7 eV, which limits further improvements in the PCE. Recently, nonfullerene small molecules have emerged as promising electron acceptors in OSCs. Their highly tunable absorption spectra and molecular energy levels have enabled fine optimization of the resulting devices, and the highest PCE has surpassed 12 %. Furthermore, several studies have shown that OSCs based on small‐molecule acceptors (SMA) have very efficient charge generation and transport efficiency at relatively low energy losses of below 0.6 eV, which suggests great potential for the further improvement of OSCs. In this focus review, we analyze the challenges and potential of SMA‐based OSCs and discuss molecular design strategies for highly efficient SMAs.     

1-Substituted 2-Azaspiro[3.3]heptanes: Overlooked Motifs for Drug Discovery

The 2-substituted piperidine core is found in drugs (18 FDA-approved drugs), however, their spirocyclic analogues remain unknown. Described here is the synthesis of spirocyclic analogues for 2-substituted piperidines and a demonstration of their validation in drug discovery.     

深入研究模糊逻辑的必要性与紧迫性

因为"取大取小"不是数学计算,所以基于"取大取小"的模糊逻辑不能为数值转换提供算法支撑,使得模糊理论面临无合适模型可用的被动境地.指出,模糊逻辑是逻辑的一个新的近似推理研究方向,它的量化方法是数值计算;目的是支撑隶属度转换,使得由指标隶属度确定的目标隶属度是"真值"在当前条件下的最优近似.模糊逻辑是在隶属度转换条件下对人类近似推理本领规范的一种方法.而进行规范的依据是区分权滤波的冗余理论,实质性计算是由冗余理论导出的、实现隶属度转换的非线性去冗算法;相应的隶属度转换模型是非线性数学模型.     

基于区间直觉模糊不确定语言的中小企业电子商务网站建设决策方法研究

阐述中小企业在整个国民经济中的重要地位,指出电子商务对于中小企业具有天然的适应性和可行的推广性.揭示研究对象中蕴含着广泛的模糊性,应用区间直觉模糊不确定语言的必要性.介绍区间直觉模糊不确定语言的基本概念、基本运算、算术平均和加权平均、距离、期望函数、精度函数、期望函数值、精度函数值以及对象比较方法等内容.提出区间直觉模糊不确定语言决策步骤:设定方案集、指标集、专家集,确定评判矩阵,确定指标权重,计算加权平均,计算期望函数、精度函数,期望函数值、精度函数值,进行排序.以盛东商贸有限公司电子商务网站设计方案测评为例,碍出方案3优于方案2优于方案5优于方案1优于方案4的结论.     

脉冲输入毒素对具有阶段结构的单种群生存影响的研究

研究了一类小容量污染环境中脉冲输入毒素对具有阶段结构的单种群生存问题,分别找到了种群生存与灭绝的阈值,利用不等式放缩技巧,得到了种群灭绝和持久生存的充分条件.利用MATLAB数值仿真,验证了理论结果的正确性,分析了毒素输入量,毒素输入周期及种群成长时间对种群生存的影响.     

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A cured model is a useful approach for analysing failure time data in which some subjects could eventually experience and others never experience the event of interest. All subjects in the test belong to one of the two groups: the susceptible group and the non-susceptible group. There has been considerable progress in the development of semi-parametric models for regression analysis of time-to-event data. However, most of the current work focuses on right-censored data, especially when the population contains a non-ignorable cured subgroup. In this paper, we propose a semi-parametric cure model for current status data. In general, treatments are developed to both increase the patients' chances of being cured and prolong the survival time among non-cured patients. A logistic regression model is proposed for whether the subject is in the susceptible group. An accelerated failure time regression model is proposed for the event time when the subject is in the non-susceptible group. An EM algorithm is used to maximize the log-likelihood of the observed data. Simulation results show that the proposed method can get efficient estimations.